Cell bodyĪ cell body is also identified as soma. However, approximately all nerve cells have three important parts, namely a cell body, an axon, and dendrites. Neurons differ in extent, shape, and structure based on their location and function. Assuming the variety of activities performed in various parts of the nervous system, there is an extensive variety in their form, dimensions, and electrochemical belongings. Neurons are highly specific for the processing and spreading of indications of the cells. Among vertebrates, most of the neurons belong to the central nervous system, but some exist in the peripheral ganglia, and several sensory neurons are located in sensory organs such as the retina and cochlea. The nervous system is composed of the central nervous system, which covers the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which covers the autonomic and somatic nervous systems. Neurons are the principal mechanisms of the nervous system, in addition to the glial cells that give them physical and metabolic support. Nerve cells are absent in plants and fungi. The neuron is the key constituent of the nervous system in all living creatures except sponges and placozoa. Nerve CellĪ neuron or nerve cell is an electrically charged volatile cell that interconnects with other cells using specific networks called synapses. The structure of these divisions helps them to accept and send messages, which helps to regulate and manage the function of various parts of the body. Nerve cells are elongated and have divisions because they require more surface area to transmit the signals to different cells with the help of the nervous system. The longest nerve cell in the human body has only one axon which is the thread-like extension, a few micrometers in length, that ranges from the base of the vertebral column to the end at the foot, and covers a length of up to one meter.

Neurons are cells of the nervous system that progresses and communicates data throughout the body.Įach nerve cell comprises the cell body, which contains the nucleus, the main dividing fiber, called the axon, and several smaller dividing fibers called the dendrites. The most elongated cell in the human body is the neuron.

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